Policy Papers

Iran Set to Become More Dependent on Russia – Dr. Meir Javedanfar

Despite its vast gas reserves, Iran struggles with energy shortages due to sanctions, outdated infrastructure and a brain drain in its energy sector. Growing reliance on Russia poses significant security concerns for the EU and Israel, as it strengthens Iran’s strategic capabilities and deepens Russian-Iranian cooperation, also militarily.

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Israel, Europe and the Russia-Iran Axis – Dr. Emmanuel Navon

With the world divided between a U.S.-led order of democracies on the one hand, and a cartel of aggressive autocracies – China, Russia, Iran and North Korea – on the other, that is challenging America and its allies, Europe has an important role to play in Israel’s war against Iran and its proxies.

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